Thursday, October 22, 2009

Juventus Cannot Win The Champions League - Lothar Matthaus

According to the former Germany star, the trophy will be going to one of the Spanish giants this season...

Former Inter and Bayern Munich midfielder Lothar Matthaus has shot down Juventus' chances of winning the Champions League.
The Bianconeri travel to Germany to face Matthaus' old side on Wednesday. However, the 48-year-old doesn't feel the Old Lady are ready to win Europe's premier competition this year
"Juventus don't have the team to win the Champions League, but they could get to the semi-finals," Matthaus told La Stampa.
"I think the game against Bayern will end in a draw. I will be supporting the German side. The result is not important, but finishing first or second in the group will be."
"As for the winners, I think Barcelona or Real Madrid."
Matthaus still follows Calcio, and he believes the Scudetto race will be between the Nerazzurri and Juve.
"The Scudetto? That will be between Inter and Juventus," concluded the German.

Wednesday, October 7, 2009

Brazil crowned on magical stage

It began with a ceremony that encapsulated Africa's unique, infectious culture. It incorporated magical skills, memorable goals, momentous upsets, and world-record runs being established and extinguished. It ended with Brazil recovering a two-goal deficit to edge USA in a thrilling, dramatic final.
If South Africa 2009 was viewed beforehand as a mere appetiser for next year's FIFA World Cup™, its sumptuous fare certainly ensured we will be savouring the taste all the way to 2010.
Ultimately, Brazil were worthy winners of a record third trophy. They cruised through Group B with three straight victories, scoring ten times in the process, before a solitary, late Daniel Alves free-kick sunk South Africa in the semi-finals.
It was in the decider, however, that A Seleção earned their grandest compliments, combining skill and spirit to prevail. When they went 2-0 down inside half an hour, the omens looked bleak. Brazil had been at a two-goal deficit on four previous occasions under Dunga. They had ended up losers on each of these.

But the 45-year-old's half-time team-talk evidently did the trick. Within seconds, Luis Fabiano had halved the American lead with a well-taken goal. O Fabuloso then restored parity in 74th minute, before Lucio emerged as the unlikely hero six minutes from time to make Dunga the only man to win the FIFA Confederations Cup as a player and coach.

"Like every final, it was very tough. But even when we went 2-0 down, we still believed we would win," said Dunga. "We were very determined. To come back from this deficit you need a team of men. I'm proud of my players."

Lucio and Luis Fabiano, who finished top of the Castrol Index and seized the adidas Golden Shoe respectively, both made handsome contributions to Brazil's conquest, as did Maicon, Robinho and Kaka, who was named Budweiser Man of the Match in the final and pocketed the adidas Golden Ball.

rnament in which they almost produced the mother of all revivals. Ahead of their arrival, few gave the Americans a chance of reaching the last four. Heading into their final Group B game, seemingly nobody did. They had lost 3-1 to Italy and 3-0 to Brazil and were seemingly devoid of organisation and intuition.

Bob Bradley's side confounded their critics in emphatic fashion, though, overwhelming an in-form Egypt team 3-0 to snatch a place in the semi-finals, before inflicting a first defeat in 36 games upon Spain. Clint Dempsey and Landon Donovan, both of whom excelled during the competition, then gave the US a two-goal lead against Brazil, before the aforementioned comeback.


Saturday, September 19, 2009

I Will Return For Real Madrid ‘As Soon As Possible’ - Xabi Alonso


After picking up an injury to his right leg in Real Madrid's Champions League win against FC Zurich, Xabi Alonso has been ruled out for up to ten days.

With a busy fixture schedule, Manuel Pellegrini will be without the 27-year-old for at least two games. However, the former Liverpool midfielder has stated his desire to return to first team action as soon as possible.

It's coming along. I still have some swelling and discomfort in the area of the blow, but I'm slowly getting better," Alonso explained to the club's official website.

"I hope to come back as soon as possible."

When questioned about the team's performances so far, the midfielder added that, though the season has started well, there are still things that can be improved on.

The potential is here but I think that we can still improve a lot. There are certain areas that must be polished," he said.

"We are doing some things right, and we must improve on what we aren't doing so well because we must be ambitious."

Wednesday, September 16, 2009

scores hat trick in Champions League debut




The German champions brushed off defeats in their last three league games to begin their campaign in style, but the night belonged to Grafite.


"It's a great, unbelievable feeling to score a hat-trick on your Champions League debut," beamed the Brazilian. "I have to thank my team-mates for providing me with the opportunity, but it has been a great night for the club."


The hosts will face bigger challenges ahead in their quest to get out of Group B, where they are also up against 2008 champions Manchester United and Turkish champions Besiktas - who were beaten 1-0 at home by United - but they had few problems here at the Volkswagen Arena.


"It was not exactly an intoxicating match to watch, but that was part of the plan," said Wolfsburg coach Armin Veh. "We didn't want to deliver a spectacle, we wanted to put in a good defensive performance and win. We were the better team, we created and took a few good chances and deserved to get the victory."


The Wolves got the early breakthrough they needed when playmaker Zvjezdan Misimovic put Grafite in the perfect position and the Brazilian drilled his shot through the legs of Moscow goalkeeper Igor Akinfeev on 36 minutes.


The Brazil hot-shot then slotted home a 41st minute penalty after he was held back in the penalty area by Moscow defender Deividas Semberas by his shirt and he scored with his spot-kick.


Moscow pulled a goal back when Russia defender Alan Dzagoev smashed home his shot past Wolfsburg goalkeeper Diego Benaglio on 77 minutes. But the night belonged to Grafite, the Bumdesliga's top scorer last season, when he put the result beyond doubt by netting after being set up by Marcel Schaefer in the 87th minute.


It was a bad European start for Moscow's former Tottenham and Real Madrid manager Juande Ramos, who replaced Brazilian legend Zico as coach of the Russian side last weekend. The Spaniard, 54, has been out of work since his contract at Real expired at the end of last season.


Both sides are next in action again when Wolfsburg travel to Old Trafford to face Manchester United on September 30, while Moscow are home to Besiktas the same night.

Sunday, September 13, 2009

The Undertaker

The Beginning of The UndertakerThe Undertaker debuted in Survivor Series 1990, as the mystery member of Ted Dibiase's team. He was managed by Brother Love, but management was changed over to Paul Bearer soon after.
Physically, he was a giant. Billed at 6'10'' 1/2, wearing a wide-brimmed black hat and a long trench coat, he marched to the ring slowly, in stride to his song The Funeral March. His hair, first bright red which was dyed black later on, always covered his face, and eventually grew well past his back. One of his signature expressions was rolling his eyes backwards, so that you could only see the whites of his eyes. He won the championship on Survivor Series 1991, but he only kept it for 6 days - the shortest reign during this time (ironically, Kane would beat this record by holding it for only a day).
Nothing was known about The Undertaker at this point. He came from Death Valley, California, and he drew power from an urn Paul Bearer held.
He would defeat many opponents at this time, including Hulk Hogan, Yokozuna, Giant Gonzalez, and Diesel. He eventually rose to the top in the mid 90s, defeating main contenders and gaining main event status - until Mankind debuted in 1996.
During Summerslam 1996, after feuding with Mankind (which led to the Boiler Room Brawl), Paul Bearer turned on the Undertaker. After exchanging blows with Mankind and approaching the ring, Paul Bearer hit him with the urn - he wasn't his friend any longer. Bearer soon joined up with Mankind. The Undertaker and Mankind would feud for months after this incident, leading to a Buried Alive Match and Armageddon Rules Match. The Undertaker won, but Paul Bearer wasn't satisfied.
The Undertaker battled many main contenders during the beginning of 1997, leading to a heavyweight championship match with Sycho Sid, which he won. This was a longer reign than previously, holding it for 5 months. After this win Paul Bearer attempted to blackmail him by threatening to expose his darkest secret: he killed his family.
According to Paul Bearer, he was employed in a family business run by The Undertaker's parents, a funeral home. He said that The Undertaker had been playing with matches, and in a stroke of bad luck, caught the house on fire, killing his parents and his younger brother. His younger brother, he revealed, was not actually dead - he survived but was badly scarred. Paul Bearer raised him privately, locking him in a room for many years. The Undertaker disputed this claim and said that his brother, Kane, started the fire and couldn't be alive.
n a later segment, The Undertaker discussed this further. This is a word by word translation of that segment:
It's true. Yes, it is true. My mother, my father, and my little brother burned to death in the family funeral home. But I think it's important that we have all the facts straight. Yes, Kane and I were playing with matches that day...and we were punished when my father found us. Me more so that Kane, I was the oldest. I should've known better. My father explained to us what we were doing, and how those liquids were flammable. After he punished me, he sent me on my way to do my daily chores, as I was leaving the funeral home I looked back and I'd seen Kane, leaving out one of the rear doors of the embalming room and I'd seen that he had those liquids in his hand. You know, it never occurred to me what he was going to do. I thought nothing of it. And I live with that fact every day of my life. Kane was my responsibility. He was my little brother. As I returned to the funeral home from doing my chores, I could hear the sirens. I could see the smoke filling the sky. Without knowing, I knew. I knew what had happened. And I ran, and I ran as fast as I could. When I got to the funeral home, it was engulfed in flames. I never slowed down for one second, I ran for the front door. That's when they grabbed me. They wouldn't let me go in. The firefighters, they held me back. And as I stood there, restrained, I watched the funeral home, and inside that funeral home was my mother, my father, and little Kane. I watched that funeral home burn down to the ground. And yes Paul, it's true! I wasn't at the funeral! But you didn't care to explain to the people why that was, that two nights before, during the middle of the night, you drug me to the neighboring funeral home...so that I could see ...my family. Till this very day, the image of my mother, laying on that table...as you pulled that sheet back, and I'd looked at the burnt and charred body of the most wonderful woman that had ever walked on this earth lay there, the air escaped from my lungs. I couldn't breathe. I thought I was going to be sick. But you insisted! You insisted that this small boy, in the middle of the night, go and look at the charred remains of what two days earlier was his family. It was a day...that changed me forever. For me to be able to deal with the death of my family, I had to look at death. I had to understand that without death, there cannot be life. So I have taken it upon myself to walk a path where no one else chooses to. I draw strength from the spirit of the dead, and that spirit of my mother, of my father, and of my little brother, will strike you down, Paul Bearer. Will strike. You. Down."
The Debut of Kane
On October 5th, 1997, Kane debuted. The Undertaker was battling Shawn Michaels the first Hell in a Cell match, and as he was approaching victory, Kane came out with Paul Bearer shouting. The Undertaker, stunned that he was alive, stood there as Kane tore off the chained door to the cage and entered, standing face to face with his older brother. Kane was physically identical to his older brother, and wore a mask over his face, most likely from severe burns he suffered. Kane tombstoned his brother in the middle of the ring soon after, allowing Shawn Michaels the victory.
The feud between Kane and The Undertaker will be continued in Part 2 of this series.
and here http://www.ziddu.com/download/6487979/--theUndertaker.flv.html the beautifull video for under taker

World Heavyweight Champion


World Heavyweight Champion CM Punk will face the supernatural scourge of the reemerging Undertaker at the brand new pay-per-view WWE Breaking Point in a contest designed to stretch both ring warriors to their limit: A Submission Match.
The Straightedge Champion’s collision with The Phenom first came into being at SummerSlam. Just moments after The Straightedge Superstar had triumphed over Jeff Hardy in a brutal TLC Match to capture the World Title, his smug celebration turned into horrifying darkness in the form of the rematerializing Deadman. The frightening sound of a gong seemed to make time stand still. A collective rush of electricity ripped its way though the capacity crowd. And then, the lights went out on CM Punk. Within seconds, The Deadman appeared in the fallen Hardy’s place, raising once again and chokeslamming an instant claim onto the newly-crowned World Champion.
The following Friday night on SmackDown, Punk put his newly-acquired gold on the line in a steel cage rematch against the Charismatic former champion, a match where the loser leaves WWE. His triumph ultimately cost Hardy his career. However, thanks to SmackDown General Manager Theodore Long’s stipulation that the winner would face The Phenom at WWE Breaking Point, his shining moment inside the dreaded steel structure instantly thrust him into the realm of darkness.
CM Punk has developed a ruthless nature every bit as serious as his commitment to a straightedge lifestyle. Besides exhibiting an exceptional ability in a variety of specialty matches from TLC to the steel cage to Money in the Bank, the World Champion has demonstrated that he will do anything to keep the title around his waist. But does he have what takes to make The Phenom submit?
Undertaker has been missing from the squared circle since he prevailed over Shawn Michaels at the 25th Anniversary of WrestleMania. However, with every return he has ever made, the legendary Superstar has wreaked havoc upon the Superstar that has had the misfortune of stepping in his merciless path. His dreaded Hell’s Gate submission hold is so dangerous, it was once outlawed. With such a long list of victims, Punk will be hard pressed to walk out of WWE Breaking Point with the gold, should The Deadman lock his seemingly-unbreakable hold into place.
Will The Straightedge Champion suffer the same fate as so many Superstars before him? Or does he have what it takes to stop fate in its tracks? Find out at WWE breaking Point, Sunday, Sept. 13 at 8/7 CT only on pay-per-view.

Lose weight safely

There are more and more fat children and adolescents that will become for the most part obese people.
Besides the aesthetic issue, there are all the consequences on health caused by excess of weight.
So always remember, that sane alimentation , may be synonyme of health.
So, as tedious as may be certains parts of this book,read it completely.
This is a whole and nothing can be undertook without having understood a certain number of basic rules, even if they are tedious and not very fun to read.
You won't gain anything by chosing a few random pieces of the book that may seem easier.Read it all, from beginning to end, and then, in the working knowledge, then you will have in mind all these important bases, you will seek what you need for today's menu.
And I hope that, not only you will have lost whatever weight you actually have in surplus, but most of allyou will have learn and get used to eating better, differently ; because only then you will avoid gaining weight and you will partially look carefully for your health.
This is one of the reasons why it is advised not to lose too much weight too fast :bad alimentary habits aren't lost and are back as soon as the excess weight is gone ; whilst kilos are coming back...
Finally, I have completed this book, which won't be purely theoric, by a few practical advices
As a matter of fact, rare are the books written by doctors that come along with recipes and culinary advice.
But all these caloric values and theories aren't of any use when you stand before the stove.
Eating differenlty also means cooking differently.
So I allowed myself to give you some ideas.They aren't limited and I trust your imagination to create other recipes.

Lionel Messi pictures

there is avery beautifull pictures for lionel messi
http://www.ziddu.com/download/6487502/leo_messi.jpg.html

http://www.ziddu.com/download/6487503/lionelmessi5.jpg.html

http://www.ziddu.com/download/6487504/lionel_messi_7_footballpictures.net.jpg.html

http://www.ziddu.com/download/6487505/images.jpeg.html

http://www.ziddu.com/download/6487506/lionelmessi4.jpg.html

http://www.ziddu.com/download/6487507/lionelmessi10.jpg.html

http://www.ziddu.com/download/6487508/lionelmessi14.jpg.html

http://www.ziddu.com/download/6487509/lionelmessi2.jpg.html

http://www.ziddu.com/download/6487510/lionelmessi23.jpg.html

http://www.ziddu.com/download/6487511/lionel_messi_6_footballpictures.net.jpg.html

Nemanja Vidic Names Top Three Strikers


Nemanja Vidic has named the three strikers that he believes are currently the best in the world and has chosen one from England, Spain and Italy.

The Serbian defender does not relish playing against Liverpool's Fernando Torres in the league and would see the task of marking Samuel Eto'o or Zlatan Ibrahimovic as a tough one.

Torres has a good record against United since he moved to Anfield and stood out last term as the Reds came close to pipping their arch rivals to the title.

Eto'o and Ibrahimovic created the story of the summer as they were swapped for each other by Barcelona and Inter and debate has raged about who has the better deal.

While others discuss that issue, Vidic cannot decide between the pair and thinks that they are both world class.

“It’s tough to pick out one name when it comes to Europe’s best strikers but if I could pick three I’d select Samuel Eto’o, Fernando Torres and Zlatan Ibrahimovic,"

Kano Pillars Chase Chadian Striker Abubakar Tchalet

The Nigerian club are looking for additional firepower from neigbouring Chad.

Kano Pillars are looking to improve their team's firepower with the signing of Chad international striker Abubakat Akorya Tchalet in time for the Nigerian Premier League, which kicks off next weekend.
First-time Nigerian champions two seasons ago, Pillars were impressed by Tchalet when he featured for his N'djemena club, Elect Sports, in a CAF Champions League match against them earlier this year.
"He is a tall, very energetic striker who has great aerial ability," Kano Pillars coach, Baba Ganaru, told Goal.com.
"He only played for 30 minutes against us in Kano before he was red carded, but the short time he was on the pitch, he was a big bother for our defence."
Pillars have already snapped up former youth international Isa Shariff, whose move to Spanish club Atletico Madrid fell through, and JUTH of Jos midfielder, Ahmadu Musa and central defenders Ayuba Choji from Adamawa United and Francis Okamo from Enyimba.
Highly-rated libero Maurice Chigozie has also been signed up on a permanent basis after the end of his loan deal from Kaduna United.

Cristiano Ronaldo Should Have Stayed With Manchester United For Champions League

if Cristiano Ronaldo wants to win the Champions League again this season then he should have stayed at Manchester United .
The former Barcelona striker cannot see Real Madrid's new look collection of multi-million euro signings gelling well enough to conqueor Europe.
After watching them play their opening game, Lineker thinks that Ronaldo has made a mistake if he has the ambition to retain the trophy he helped United win in Moscow in 2008.
"I had no problem with Cristiano Ronaldo joining Real Madrid this summer. Players want to move clubs for lots of different reasons. Sometimes they just fancy a fresh challenge," he wrote in his Mail on 'Sunday Column'.
"I understand that, I did it myself. But for this season at least, I think Ronaldo would have had a better chance of winning the Champions League if he had stayed at Old Trafford.
"[Madrid president] Florentino Perez tried it before, of course, but it did not work then, with Zidane, Beckham, Figo and the Brazilian Ronaldo because the balance of the team was not right. Great going forward - but always likely to concede goals.
I can see the same problem for Real this season. I watched their first La Liga game, against Deportivo.

Saturday, September 12, 2009

Thierry Henry

1977Born August 17 in Paris.
1990Joins French first division Monaco as a 13-year-old.1994August: Makes French first division debut for Monaco against Nice, Monaco lose 2-0. Monaco coach was Arsene Wenger.
1995April: Scores first goals in first division, two in 6-0 victory over RC Lens.1996May: Voted French Young Player of the Year.1997January: Signs first professional contract with Monaco.May: Monaco win French league championship. Henry scores nine goals in 36 matches.June: Helps France reach quarter-finals of World Youth championship in Malaysia.October: Wins first French cap in World Cup warm-up match against South Africa in Lens.1998June: Plays in six of seven games in World Cup finals for winners France, staying on the bench for the 3-0 final victory over Brazil but scoring three first round goals -- one against South Africa and two against Saudi Arabia.1999January: Joins Juventus on after Italians outbid Arsenal.
April: Scores first goals for Juventus, two in 3-1 defeat of league leaders Lazio.1999August: Joins Arsenal for 10.5 million pounds.September: Fails to score in first eight appearances, eventually getting off the mark in 1-0 win over Southampton.2000June: Scores three goals as France win Euro 2000.2001May: Ends season with 22 goals.2002May: Scores 31 goals for Arsenal as they clinch the Double.June: Sent off for France against Uruguay in the World Cup finals as his country fail to progress from group stage.2003May: With three games remaining, Henry has scored 22 league goals as Arsenal chase second consecutive league title. He has also helped them reach second straight FA Cup final in a row.
June: Voted PFA player of the year and Football Writers' Association player of the year.December: Runner-up in European Footballer of the Year poll, same position in FIFA world player of the year poll.2004May: Top scorer in Premier League with 30 goals as Arsenal win title without losing a match, a feat last achieved 115 years previously. Voted PFA player of the year. Becomes first player since award began more than 50 years ago to be named FWA player of the year in successive seasons.December: Runner-up in FIFA world player of the year poll.2005May: Helps Arsenal win FA Cup although injury keeps him out of final against Manchester United.October: Becomes top-scorer in Arsenal's history, netting twice in Champions League win over Sparta Prague to take his tally to 186, one more than set by Ian Wright in 1990s2006February: Scores 200th goal for Arsenal in win over Birmingham.April: Voted Footballer of the Year for the third time in four years by the Football Writers' Association, becomes the first player in 59 years of the award to receive the accolade three times.May: Captains Arsenal in their first Champions League final. Arsenal beaten 2-1 by Barcelona after goalkeeper Jens Lehmann sent off... Agrees to a new four-year contract with the Gunners, ending months of speculation about his future.

handbal history

The origins of Handball are a subject of great debate. One view is that it was invented in Germany, back in the late 19th century, as an outdoor sport to keep soccer players fit during the summer months. Outdoor Handball involved 11 players on each side and was played on a virtually fullsize turf soccer ground with soccer goals. It was mainly played with soccer rules, except it was played with the hands and kicking the ball was illegal rather than the other way round. However, there are records of handballstyle games going back to antiquity. The sport was depicted on a tombstone carving in Athens dated 600BC. The first match of the modern era was officially recorded on 29 October 1917 in Berlin, Germany. Outdoor Handball had its only Olympic Games appearance in the XIth Olympiad (1936 Berlin Games). The first international match recorded was played on 3 September 1925 with Germany defeating Austria, 6:3.
The sport's international governing body was first formed in 1928 as the Federation Internationale Handball Amateur, and took its current name in Copenhagen, Denmark in 1946 as the International Handball Federation (IHF). The IHF's first president was Avery Brundage an American who went on to become president of the International Olympic Committee (IOC).
Indoor Handball was invented in the 1940s in Denmark. This is a 7aside game, played on a court slightly larger than a basketball court with smaller goals than its outdoor counterpart. Again, this sport flourished in the Germanic nations where it was hoped that it would appeal to a wider audience. With rules from other sports like basketball being introduced, this made the game simpler to play and more exciting to watch. The fact that it became a winter sport added to the spectator appeal being away from the cold, seated in comfort, with more action and excitement and higher scores than soccer. The sport is now played all over the world and was reintroduced as an Olympic event for the XXth Olympiad (1972 Munich Games).
Handball has always been a sport dominated by the European nations. In its formative years as an outdoor game, Germany, Austria and Denmark dominated in the international sphere, even though not many other nations outside Europe were playing the game.
After World War II, and the introduction of the indoor game, the Eastern Europeans quickly become competitive and were soon dominating the sport. Nations like the Soviet Union, Romania, Yugoslavia, East Germany and Hungary were regularly in the top three in most of the male and female international competitions. Only Sweden showed any significant resistance to the Eastern Bloc.
With the conclusion of the cold war and the collapse of the Eastern Bloc alliance, many of these nations suffered a temporary economic downturn which effected some of the national teams to lose the winning edge and a number of prominent players and coaches migrating to the west. Countries like France, Spain and Germany began to dominate. Some African (Algeria and Egypt) and Asian (South Korea and China) nations started to make an impact on the international competitions (especially the Olympics) in the late 1980s early 1990s.
The indoor game is now the more popular of the two types of handball. The outdoor variety is rarely played these days mainly for special occasions or by purists.
In recent years, a new outdoor version has emerged called Beach Handball, played naturally on the sands of a beach. This variety is now recognised by the IHF and now has formal rules.
Handball is now played on every habitable continent on this planet. It is estimated that about 7 million players are registered with a club. Many of the European clubs are professional and professional clubs in Asia (in South Korea, China and Japan) are becoming established and are considered as very competitive on the international stage. Africa, Americas and Oceania (our region) mainly comprise of amateur clubs but are very enthusiastic.

About Handball


Handball (or "team handball") is a fast-paced game involving two teams of seven players who pass, throw, catch and dribble a small ball with their hands while trying to score goals. The team with the most goals wins the game. A game consists of two 30-minute halves with a 10-minute half-time break. Even the ancient Greeks...The sport of handball as it is played today certainly has a chequered history.

The very fact that man has always been more adept at using his hands than his feet lends credibility to the claim made by famous sports historians that he started playing handball much earlier than, say, football.Ancient forms of handballThe games that were precursors of handball can only said to be distantly related to it in terms of their structure and rules of play.

Nonetheless, the games of "Urania" played by the Ancient Greeks (and described by Homer in the Odyssey) and "Harpaston" played by the Romans (and described by the Roman doctor Claudius Galenus in 130 to 200 A.D.) as well as in the "Fangballspiel" (or 'catch ball game') featured in the songs of the German lyrical poet Walther von der Vogelweide (1170-1230) all contained certain features that can be described as ancient forms of handball.Modern handballModern handball was first played towards the end of the 19th century. For instance, one such game was played in the Danish town of Nyborg in 1897. The real impulses emanated from Denmark, Germany and Sweden. The founding fathers of field handball were probably German physical education experts who gained recognition for field handball as a separate sport at the turn of the century, based on the games of "Raffball" ('snatch ball') and "Königsbergerball" (Konrad Koch 1846-1911). In Sweden it was G. Wallström who introduced his country to a certain sport named "handball" in 1910.

Money Laundering through the Football Sector

The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) has published a study examining what makes the football sector attractive to criminals. The report warns that football is at risk from criminals buying clubs, transferring players, and betting on the sport. The study has relied on the experience and support of the Member States of the FATF, the European Commission and the private sector. The report is a contribution to the implementation of the White Paper on Sport in the area of the fight against corruption and money laundering.
The FATF report examines the football sector in economic and social terms and provides case examples identifying areas that could be exploited by those who want to invest illegal money into football. Vulnerable areas relate to ownership of football clubs or players, the transfer market, betting activities, image rights and sponsoring and advertising arrangements.
The goal of the report is to draw attention to some of the risks facing the football sector in particular (and the sport sector in general) regarding misuse by criminals, so that Government policy makers, law enforcement bodies, the financial sector and sports regulatory authorities can better understand and deal with this problem.
The report presents some policy recommendations, including the need to raise awareness.
The European Commission welcomes the report. In its 2007 White Paper on Sport, the Commission indicated that corruption, money laundering and other forms of financial crime should be tackled ("Pierre de Coubertin" Action Plan, actions nos. 44 and 45):
(44) The Commission will support public-private partnerships representative of sports interests and anti-corruption authorities, which would identify vulnerabilities to corruption in the sport sector and assist in the development of effective preventive and repressive strategies to counter such corruption.
(45) The Commission will continue to monitor the implementation of EU anti-money laundering legislation in the Member States with regard to the sport sector.
The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) is an inter-governmental body whose purpose is the development and promotion of policies, both at national and international levels, to combat money laundering and terrorist financing.

Friday, September 11, 2009

History of Volleyball





In 2009, the sport of Volleyball is 114 years old!
The sport originated in the United States, and is now just achieving the type of popularity in the U.S. that it has received on a global basis, where it ranks behind only soccer among participation sports.
Today there are more than 46 million Americans who play volleyball. There are 800 million players worldwide who play volleyball at least once a week.
In 1895, William G. Morgan, an instructor at the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in Holyoke, Mass., decided to blend elements of basketball, baseball, tennis, and handball to create a game for his classes of businessmen which would demand less physical contact than basketball. He created the game of Volleyball (at that time called, mintonette). Morgan borrowed the net from tennis, and raised it 6 feet 6 inches above the floor, just above the average man's head.
During a demonstration game, someone remarked to Morgan that the players seemed to be volleying the ball back and forth over the net, and perhaps "volleyball" would be a more descriptive name for the sport. On July 7, 1896 at Springfield College the first game of "volleyball" was played.



1895: W. G. Morgan (1870-1942) created the game of volleyball in Holyoke, Massachuesetts for the YMCA.
1900: a special ball was designed for the sport.
1916: in the Philippines, an offensive style of passing the ball in a high trajectory to be struck by another player (the set and spike) were introduced.
1917: the game was changed from 21 to 15 points.
1920s: there are unconfirmed whispers of men’s teams playing on the beach in Hawaii, but most accounts place the sport's origin in Santa Monica, California where the first Volleyball courts are put up on the beach at the Playground. Families play 6 vs. 6...
1920: three hits per side and back row attack rules were instituted.
1922: the first YMCA national championships were held in Brookliyn, NY. 27 teams from 11 states were represented.
1928: it became clear that tournaments and rules were needed, the United States Volleyball Association (USVBA, now USA Volleyball) was formed. The first U.S. Open was staged, as the field was open to non-YMCA squads.
1930s: the first two-man beach volleyball game is played in Santa Monica, California..
1934: the approval and recognition of national volleyball referees.
1937: at the AAU convention in Boston, action was taken to recognize the U.S. Volleyball Association as the official National Governing Body (NGB) in the U.S.
1947: the Federation Internationale De Volley-Ball (FIVB) was founded.
1948: the first two-man beach tournament was held.
1949: the initial World Championships were held in Prague, Czechoslovakia.
1964: Volleyball was introduced to the Olympic Games in Tokyo.
1965: the California Beach Volleyball Association (CBVA) was formed.
1974: the World Championships in Mexico were telecast in Japan.
1975: the U.S. National Women's team began a year-round training regime in Pasadena, Texas (moved to Colorado Springs in 1979, Coto de Caza and Fountain Valley, CA in 1980, and San Diego, CA in 1985).
1977: the U.S. National Men's team began a year-round training regime in Dayton, Ohio (moved to San Diego, CA in 1981).
1983: the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) was formed.
1984: the U.S. won their first medals at the Olympics in Los Angeles. The Men won the Gold, and the Women the Silver.
1986: the Women's Professional Volleyball Association (WPVA) was formed.
1988: the U.S. Men repeated the Gold in the Olympics in Korea.
1989: the FIVB Sports Aid Program was created.
1990: the World League was created.
1995: the sport of Volleyball was 100 years old! This Web site - Volleyball.Com goes live!
1996: two-person beach volleyball debuted as an Olympic Sport.
1997: Dain Blanton (with Canyon Ceman) becomes the first African-American professional beach volleyball player to win a tournament on the Miller Lite/AVP Tour.
1998: For the first time in the FIVB World Tour, men and women players are rewarded at the same level with $170,000 in total prize money per Open event.
1999: For the first time beach volleyball was included in the Pan American Games which were held in Canada.
2000: Olympic Beach Volleyball Men's Gold medallists: Eric Fomoimoana & Dain Blanton (USA). The women's Beach Volleyball America (BVA) announces their inaugural season of play.
2001: Christopher "Sinjin" Smith plays the final match of his impressive career, a 21-19 and 24-22 loss with George Roumain to Dax Holdren and Todd Rogers in the 4th round of the contender's bracket at the AVP Manhattan Beach Open. Sinjin retires as the leader in tournaments played with 416, 2nd in all-time victories with 139, and 4th in all-time winnings with over US$1.6 million earned.
2002: Beach volleyball court dimensions reduced to 8m x 8m per side.
2003: Karch Kiraly becomes the first player to earn US$3M in prize money and oldest player to win an AVP tournament at age 42 years, 9 months and 14 days. (You're never too old for volleyball!)
2004: Kerri Walsh and Misty May Win the Women's Olympic Beach Volleyball Title
2005: Olympic gold medalists Kerri Walsh and Misty May-Treanor win their second Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) Open women's title and the 2005 overall women's championship.
2006: Elaine Youngs' second place finish (with Rachel Wacholder) in Seaside Heights pushes her career earnings past $1 million. She becomes the third American woman to achieve that mark.
2006: In Seaside Heights, both Casey Jennings (with Matt Fuerbringer) and Kerri Walsh (with Misty May-Treanor) won titles, becoming just the second husband-wife duo to win pro beach events on the same weekend. They join Mike and Patty Dodd, who accomplished the feat four times in 1989, but each time in different locations.
2006: Kerri Walsh and Misty May-Treanor win in Chicago as Walsh joins the millionaire club. She is the 18th person worldwide to win over $1 million in her career, and did so in fewer events (90th tournament) as well as being one of just four to reach the mark before turning 28 years old.
2007: Misty May-Treanor passes Brazilians Adriana Behar and Shelda Bede as the winningest player since the women's competition on the international beach volleyball circuit began in 1992.
2007: Misty May-Treanor becomes the women's all-time wins leader by capturing her 73rd victory, surpassing Holly McPeak's record by winning with Kerri Walsh in Hermosa Beach. She reached this total in just 123 tournaments -- winning 57.5% of her event.
2007: In a championship match that lasted 1:41, Nicole Branagh and Elaine Youngs defeat Jennifer Boss and April Ross 21-19, 18-21, 16-14 in Seaside Heights. The volleyball marathon set the record for the longest match in rally scoring, men or women, in domestic or international play.
2007: Karch Kiraly retires to close an impressive career on the beach, leaving as the all-time wins leader and money earner. His longevity was marked by the fact he won a tournament in 24 different years, and he advanced to the semifinals in over 75% of all the events he ever played and was named as the AVP's MVP a record-most six times.
2008: Hot Winter Nights, a series of 19 events in January and February, kicks off in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma marking the first ever indoor beach volleyball tour. Mark Williams and Nancy Mason are the first winners in the "King of the Beach format" events.
2009: Taneesha Chase (Lincoln High School of Lincoln,Nebraska) has been scouted by over 50 schools. And holds the recored for "Most schools scouted for a Female Athlete" yeeepeee!

How much running do I need to do?

The American College of Sports Medicine Position Statement on Exercise that I mentioned earlier recommends that all healthy adults should do the following:
1. Frequency of training: three to five days per week2. Intensity of training: 55/65%-90% of maximum heart rate (HRmax)3. Duration of training: 20-60 minutes of continuous or intermittent aerobic activity4. Mode of activity: any activity that uses large muscle groups, which can be maintained continuously, and is rhythmical and aerobic in nature (for example, walking-hiking, running-jogging, cycling-bicycling, cross-country skiing, aerobic dance/group exercise, rope skipping, rowing, stair climbing, swimming, skating, and various endurance game activities or some combination thereof)
Running and jogging are right there, and they count!

What are proper running techniques?
Beginner tips
Sure, you could go out and just run, and there's no evidence to suggest that that won't work just fine. But if you're struggling with running, or something just doesn't feel right, then it might be worth paying attention to your form. The following tips for correct running form are adapted from Runner's World Magazine and Jeff Galloway. I'll start at the top and work down.
Head: You should look forward toward the horizon when you run. To do that, keep your head on top of your spine and do not bend forward or look down at your feet. Your head weighs at least 13 pounds, and you don't want it dragging you down with forward-head posture! The emphasis is on keeping your body erect, because you're fighting gravity when you lean forward (it's okay if you look down at the ground at least 20 feet ahead of you since you won't lean forward to do that). Keep your face and jaw relaxed, too; it's okay if they shake and bounce as you run.
Shoulders: Keep them relaxed and loose. Shrugging, tightening, and creating tension in your shoulders and neck will waste energy and deplete you quickly. Stay loose as a goose!
Torso: As Jeff Galloway says, "Your torso's only along for the ride." Track coaches describe the ideal posture as running tall, which means that you stretch yourself up to full height with no strain from the torso. This will allow you to breathe maximally and put your body in the optimal biomechanical position for moving forward.
Hips: Your hips are close to your center of gravity and will be in proper alignment if your torso and head are aligned. If you lean forward, your hips will tilt forward too and that will strain your lower back.
Legs: Sprinters lift their knees very high when they run, but for distance running, and even shorter distances, keep your knees low. It takes a lot of energy to lift your knees, and even running a mile will be tough if you do so. Instead, quicker ankle action will help you increase your speed.
Ankles: Your ankles are efficient levers that have the potential for great power when you run. Feel your calf muscles and ankles work as you push off on each step.
Arms: Arms should remain close to the body and swing forward and back and not across your body to minimize torso rotation (the exception is Bill Rodgers who had memorably wide elbows when he ran). Your hands should not cross the midline of your body (imagine a line drawn right down the center of your chest). The swing should be held low, elbows bent at a 90-degree angle and relaxed. You should do most of the work with your lower arms; the upper arms should not move very much.
Hands: Cup your hands by gently touching your thumb to the top half of your index fingers. It's as if you are holding a small bird that you don't want to fly away but you don't want to squeeze too tight either.
Some additional tips
Breathing tips: Lift your chest up and out while running to breathe deeply. Also exhale fully; this will increase your inhalation. Keep some focus on your torso, neck, and shoulders, too. Tight muscles will constrict breathing, so work on maintaining a relaxed posture when you run.
Running uphill: Maintain your rhythm and the same level of effort but shorten your stride and slow down as you climb.
Running downhill: Let gravity work so the hill pulls you down, but stay in control. Your stride will lengthen, but don't let it lengthen too much because the pounding will fatigue your legs.

Psychological Benefits of Jogging

Aside from the health benefits jogging or running imparts, there are also many psychological benefits to a regular running or jogging program. Some of these include the confidence and character that running builds, the stress relief, and the attitude boost. Oh, and let's not forget the runner's high.
Running builds confidence like few other individual sports can. It allows the runner to defeat trial after trial, growing stronger and more sure of themselves with each footstrike. It allows you to truly climb hills and clear obstacles. It provides a feeling of empowerment and freedom that comes with knowing that your legs and body are strong and capable. Confidence is even more a product of running for those who lose weight and gain a better self-image through running.
Stress relief is another huge benefit of jogging. Whether by allowing you the time to think about life's problems or time to escape them for awhile, tension easily flies by the wayside as you fly over the miles. Distance runs are great for solving problems that are nagging at you. What better than a 3 hour run all by yourself to clear your mind and allow you to pin down an answer? Speed runs are great for tearing through aggression and anger. Focus all that emotion into a few sprints and you'll feel better in no time.
Aside from just the stress relief, jogging has also been proven to improve attitude. Running, especially outside and on trails, creates a release of endorphins that can cause euphoria (runner's high) or just a general sense of happiness. Running has been used for years to treat clinical depression and addictions of all kinds. Less tension, less depression, less fatigue, and less confusion are just a few of the changes that patient's have seen after beginning a regular running program. Running gives something for them to focus on, allowing them to see something besides their depressed state or addiction.
Along that line, running can help train the mind as much as it trains the body. By making yourself overcome the obstacles that running brings, you learn focus and determination. The will and strength that gets your body through long runs or those runs you'd much rather skip is what in turn strengthens your mind and gives you focus and determination in other areas of your life.
As you can see, the benefits of jogging affect the health of your body and your mind. But running still has more benefits to provide.

To avoid injuries while running

The only thing runners fear more than rabid dogs and porta-potty emergencies is getting hurt. An injury means taking a break, and runners hate the thought of losing fitness, gaining weight, or missing an endorphin fix. But what if you knew what injuries you were likely to face — before a single symptom struck?
Sports physician Jack Taunton, M.D., and exercise scientist Michael Ryan, both recreational runners from the University of British Columbia, were studying sports injuries four years ago when they recognized a lack of data linking specific traits, weight, gender, foot type — to running injuries. So they decided to conduct research that was later published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine. "We found that certain injuries were statistically more significant among particular people," Ryan says. "Women are more likely to experience one kind of knee pain — patellofemoral pain syndrome — while men are more likely to experience another — patellar tendonitis."
Ryan and Taunton's findings focus on six injuries and the runners they most commonly afflict. Whether you're in a high-risk group or not, simple training adjustments can keep you safe. These precautionary measures could save you from the dreaded routine of rest and rehab.
Achilles Tendinitis
What It Is Tenderness in your lower calf near your heel that usually strikes when you push off your toes You're at Risk Men with a BMI of 25 or higher (a man who is 5'10" and weighs 175 pounds, for example) who run a nine-minute-per-mile pace or faster
Why The Achilles absorbs several times your body weight with each stride. A faster pace and additional body weight put even more stress on this tendon.
Prevent It Strengthen your calf muscles (with your toes on a step, lower and raise your heels). Stretch your calves (keep your heel on the ground, lift your toes back toward your shin). Others at Risk People who regularly run hills (the Achilles has to stretch more on inclines) and who have increased their mileage more than 10 percent per week (sudden increases in mileage strain the tendon)
Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome
What It Is Pain and soreness along the inside front of the lower leg, commonly called shinsplints
You're at Risk Runners whose feet roll inward excessively (overpronate) Why The posterior tibial tendon, the connective tissue that gets sore with shinsplints, runs into the arch of the foot. If your feet roll inward, this tendon has to work extra hard to counteract that motion.
Prevent It Wear motion-control shoes. Strengthen your calves (hold dumbbells while doing toe raises). If you've had daily shin pain for longer than a month, see a doctor for a bone scan to rule out a stress fracture. Others at Risk Beginning runners; people who train on slanted surfaces; women who wear high heels
Patellar Tendinitis
What It Is Pain in the tendon that connects the kneecap to the shinboneYou're at Risk Men with a BMI of 25 or higher or who have a history of playing basketball and have suddenly increased their weekly mileageWhy The patellar tendon helps your leg extend during running or jumping, but that repeated motion can create small tears in the tendon. After years of activity and then a sudden increase in mileage, your body may struggle to repair those tears. Extra body weight doesn't help. Prevent It Keep your weight in check. Do squats to strengthen the patellar tendon and stretch your quads and hamstrings. Avoid increasing mileage by more than 10 percent per week.
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
What It Is Pain and stiffness around the kneecap You're at Risk Women who run a 10-minute-per-mile pace or slower Why Ideally, your kneecap glides smoothly in the groove at the end of your thighbone. But because women have more flexible joints and a more extreme angle from hip to knee (called the Q angle) than men, their kneecaps are more likely to fall out of alignment. Pain intensifies at slower speeds because the knee goes through less range of motion, putting more demand on a smaller area of the joint. Prevent It Strengthen your quads, hamstrings, and glutes with squats and lunges to stabilize your kneecaps and help keep the pelvis level while you run.

Benefits Of Running


There are a number of different benefits which an individual can gain from running on a regular basis. There are some runners who run simply for the joy of running but there are others who run because they realize there are a great deal of benefits which can be gained from rigorous exercise such as running. Some of these benefits may include weight loss, improved cardiovascular health, improved bone health, improved mood and better coordination. This article will briefly describe how running can result in each of these benefits.


Those who are looking to lose a few pounds often find running to be one of the most effective forms of exercise for helping them to achieve their ideal body weight. Running is an excellent form of exercise for losing weight because it requires a great deal of energy. This energy requirement means the body burns a large number of calories while running. The number of calories burned while running is typically significantly more than would be burned during less taxing forms of exercise such as walking or doing yoga. The simplest formula for weight loss includes burning off more calories than the individual consumes. When this type of calorie deficit is created, the body begins to shed excess weight in the form of fat. In order to lose one pound of body weight, the body must create a calorie deficit of 3500 calories. This is equal to burning 500 calories per day. Most runners can easily burn off this many calories in less than one hour of exercise. The number of calories burned while running depends on a number of factors including the individual’s weight, the intensity of the workout and the efficiency of the runner.


Improved cardiovascular health is another benefit of running. Some of the benefits of running include lowering the blood pressure and helping the arteries to maintain their elasticity. While runner, the arteries expand and contract approximately three times as much as they do when you are sedentary. This means you are not only working out to improve your physical appearance but also the overall function of your body. In doing this the risk of heart attack and stroke becomes diminished.


Running is also beneficial for slowing down the aging process. Those who run regularly are less likely to experience bone and muscle loss as they age at the same pace as those who do not run regularly or at all. The bones grow and become stronger by responding to physical demands. Those who lead a rather sedentary lifestyle do not put this type of demand on their bones and as a result the bones may become weaker. When this happens the individual is more likely to be susceptible to osteoporosis as they age. Conversely, those who run on a regular basis are continually taxing their muscles and their bones so the bones are stimulated to remain stronger and do not as easily weaken with age.


Running can also have many psychological benefits. Most significantly runners typically report being happier and feeling less stressed than their counterparts who do not run or exercise regularly. Running actually has the ability to alter an individuals moods because hormones called endorphins are released while running. These hormones create a sense of euphoria often referred to as a runner’s high and can result in an improvement in the runner’s mood. Running has also been reported to alleviate stress in most runners. There are a number of factors which may contribute to running lowering stress levels. One of the most obvious reasons is the act of running allows the individual to focus on the task at hand instead of being worried or stressed about work, family or other stressors in his daily life. Additionally, running can be very challenging on the body which can result in the individual feeling a sense of accomplishment by completing the run which shifts the focus of his attention from negative stressors to a sense of pride and accomplishment.


Improved coordination is another worthwhile benefit which may be gained from running. This may seem surprising to many who assume it is not possible to gain these types of benefits from running simply because it is such a simple sport. However, there is some coordination involved in running. Trail running which involves running on unpaved trails especially requires a great deal of coordination. The uneven surface combined with obstacles such as rocks and tree roots can make trail running quite difficult. However, runners who regularly run on these types of services, quickly learn to maintain better control over their bodies to prevent tripping and stumbling while running. Even running on a flat surface which is paved can also result in improved coordination because it forces the body to work together to keep the runner upright and traveling in the correct path. Those who run regularly typically move more fluidly than those who do not run or engage in any type of regular exercise.

Arsenal and young players

Arsène Wenger believes Arsenal is the best place for young players to develop - because any shortcomings at the top clubs are quickly exposed.
The Frenchman was pressed on his club's policy of recruiting fledgling talent from overseas when he faced the media ahead of this weekend's game at Manchester City. The topic has been a hot one since Chelsea were banned from signing players for 18 months after being found guilty of inducing Gael Kakuta to break his contract with Lens in 2007.
Wenger staunchly defended his own club's transfer policy and explained why talented foreign kids have the best chance of realising their potential if they come to Arsenal. According to the manager, the conditions at London Colney eclipse those elsewhere in the world. And if they didn't, the media and Fifa would be the first to find out.
"Fifa can come here and immediately I open the door for inspection to show them what we do and how we treat the boys," said Wenger. "That's not the case everywhere.
"There are some places in Brazil where the boys do not have the same conditions or treatment we have here. It is less well medically, psychologically and footballistically. Here, if we have any little problem, you [the media] are here to punish us.
"What I mean is you cannot escape. If you don't treat the boys well you would know about it."
Some of the figures bandied about since Chelsea's ban suggest that Arsenal import a swathe of foreign talent every year but Wenger completely rejects that notion. The Frenchman is focused on finding and nurturing the very best, not clogging up the Club's academy and blocking the path of local youngsters.
"It is ridiculous because I heard some people say we sign here 30 or 40 players," said Wenger. "We have no room for 30 to 40 players; we sign one or two. And if you look today at the home-grown players nobody has more than us in the Premier League. We are ahead of everybody.
"If we buy a young boy - because there is compensation there - we give him a programme and give him a chance to play. We promote, we educate and we integrate. That is why we have success in the way we do it."

Biography Messi



Lionel Messi (born 24 June 1987 in Rosario) is an exciting Argentine soccer player, who currently plays as a second striker for FC Barcelona. He has shown remarkable ability for a player so young, and is often touted in the media as "the new Diego Maradona".On December of that year, the Italian newspaper Tuttosport awarded him the Golden Boy 2005 title for the best under-21 player in Europe, ahead of Wayne Rooney and Lukas Podolski.




LIONEL MESSI AND ARGENTINA


Lionel Messi was offered the chance to play for the Spanish national football team, but declined, preferring to wait for the opportunity to play for the country of his birth. In June 2004 he got his chance, playing in an under-20 friendly match against Paraguay.In June 2005 Messi starred for the Argentina U-20 team that won the Football World Youth Championship in The Netherlands, picking up the Golden Boot as top scorer with 6 goals, and the Golden Ball for the best player of the tournament. Despite his youth, Lionel was already being compared to Diego Maradona, one of the greatest football players of all time.On August 4, José Pekerman called him up to the senior Argentine national team. He made his debut against Hungary — coincientally the very same side that Maradona debuted against for Argentina. However, he only played for three minutes of the game, being shown a red card and making him leave the field in his first attempt on goal.




LIONEL MESSI AND FC BARCELONA


Lionel Messi started playing football at a very early age for his hometown club, Newell's Old Boys. From the age of 11, he suffered from a hormone deficiency and as his parents were unable to pay for treatment in Argentina, they decided to move to Barcelona, Spain. Shortly after arriving, Lionel tried his luck with a trial at FC Barcelona, despite being only 13 years of age. He excelled at the trial and rapidly found himself starting for the Barcelona B team, averaging more than a goal per game.In October 2004 Messi made his official debut for the first team against RCD Espanyol, becoming the third-youngest player to ever play for FC Barcelona. He scored his first senior goal for the club against Albacete on 2005-05-01.On 2005-06-27 FC Barcelona renewed his contract until 2010, establishing a selling clause of €150 million.Messi obtained Spanish citizenship on September 25 and was finally able to make his debut in this season's Spanish First Division. He had previously been unable to play because FC Barcelona had filled their quota of non-EU players. Messi's first outing in the UEFA Champions League at the Nou Camp was on September 28 against the Italian club Udinese. He impressed with some great passing and a seemingly telepathic relationship with Ronaldinho that earned him a standing ovation from the 70,000-odd Nou Camp faithful.




American football


American football, known in the United States and Canada simply as football,[1] and often as Gridiron outside North America, is a competitive team sport known for combining strategy with physical play. The objective of the game is to score points by advancing the ball[2] into the opposing team's end zone. The ball can be advanced by carrying it (a running play) or by throwing it to a teammate (a passing play). Points can be scored in a variety of ways, including carrying the ball over the opponent's goal line, catching a pass thrown over that goal line, kicking the ball through the goal posts at the opponent's end zone, or tackling an opposing ball carrier within his end zone. The winner is the team with the most points when the time expires.
American football is closely related to
Canadian football, but with significant differences. Both sports originated from rugby football. The major forms of football in the United States are collegiate football and professional football. There have been numerous major professional football leagues in the U.S.; the two currently in existance are the National Football League (NFL) and the United Football League.
The sport is also played outside the United States. National professional and collegiate leagues exist in
United Kingdom, Germany, Italy,[3] Switzerland,[4] Finland, Sweden,[5] Japan, Mexico, Israel,[6] Spain, Austria,[7] and several Pacific Island nations.

FC Barcelona club description

Established in 1899 by Joan Gamper and a group of Swiss, British and Catalan players, the FC Barcelona is more than a football club. Several other sports teams play under the blue and maroon banner, including basketball, roller-hockey, handball and amateur women's basketball and football. Anyone who has watched a Barça team play may have noted something peculiar about their uniforms - the absence of sponsorship advertising. The blue and maroon uniforms bear the Nike swoosh – the company produces their kits – and a small logo for the Catalan television channel TV3. The team colours are considered a symbol of Catalonia, and club officials deem sponsorship logos as interfering with this long-standing tradition.
Guided stadium tours:The Camp Nou, unveiled on September 24th 1957, is the Barça's official home. It now seats 98,787 spectators and measures 55,000 m2. It is 250 metres long, 220 metres wide and 48 metres high, making it the second largest football ground in the world. Visitors are welcome to explore the club’s museum and take a guided tour of the stadium. The tour includes a stop at the visiting team’s changing room, before continuing through the tunnel to the pitch. Visitors can walk around on the grass and take a breather on the team bench. The tour concludes with visits to the chapel, TV room, press room, Fundaci Zone, the Presidential Box and the two European Champions Cups. Tours are given throughout the year, except on January 1st and 6th, September 24th and December 25th.Use entrance 7 at the stadium to get to the museum and tour office.
Monday-Saturday: 10am-6:30pmSunday and bank holidays: 10am-2pm
Tickets:
Adults: tour + museum: 9,90€; museum: 6,00€Children (13 years old or younger): tour + museum: 7,50€; museum: 4,50€Supporters, clubs, senior citizens and students: tour + museum: 6,50€; museum: 3,50€

FC Barcelona: Club History

2006 has been a good year for the Barça, Barcelona's blue and maroon football team. On May 3rd 2006, the club won its 18th La Liga title, brought home by a team of stellar talents like Ronaldinho, Eto'o, Deco, Giuly, Larsson, Márquez, Puyol, Valdés, Messi and van Bommel and helmed by their young and energetic coach - Frank Rijkaard – and president – Joan Laporta. Their 18 game winning streak came to a head on May 17th when they faced Arsenal in Paris for the final UEFA Champions League game – and brought home their second UEFA cup trophy, further proof that the club’s long and illustrious history is not a thing of the past.On October 22nd 1899, Joan Gamper put an ad in the publication Los Deportes to find partners for his enterprise: the founding of a new football club. Eleven players attended that auspicious first meeting, including Gualten Wild, Lluís d’Ossó, Bartomeu Terrados, Otto Kunzle, Otto Maier, Enric Ducal, Pere Cabot, Carles Pujol, Josep Llobet, John and William Parsons, foreshadowing the future of a team that would always be international in character and Catalan in spirit.Gamper was a tireless club leader during his 25-year presidency, recruiting over 10,000 members by 1922 and getting the club its first stadium in 1909. The stadium on Carrer Industria seated 6,000 and was quickly outgrown as the team’s popularity grew steadily and membership rose. By 1922 the team had moved into the Les Corts Stadium, which originally seated 30,000 but was expanded to hold 60,000 and nicknamed the "Cathedral of Football". In 1929, the club won its first ever La Liga Championship, but unfortunately the decade to follow would have less glorious moments in store for Barcelona’s team.Gamper’s death in July 1930 ushered in a period of political upheaval, low membership, athletic downfalls and increasing pressure from the Franco government. Josep Sunyol, the club’s president, was murdered by Franco’s soldiers near Guadalajara in 1936 at the height of the Spanish Civil War. In 1938 a fascist bombing destroyed much of the social headquarters of the FC Barcelona. After the Civil War came to an end, the Catalan language and flag were banned, leading to the team’s name being changed to Castilian and the Catalan flag being removed from the club’s shield. By 1939 the problems the club endured at the hands of the Franco forces had turned it into a symbol for the Catalan people, despite the fact that membership had fallen to an all-time low of 3,486. One highlight from this decade was the club’s tour of Mexico and the United States in 1936, which earned them their first dose of international popularity, something that would only increase over the years.The 1930s were also when the by now legendary rivalry between Real Madrid and Barça truly erupted in full force. Real Madrid was seen as the government’s team, as the favourite of the fascist regime, whereas Barça was crowned as the hero of the opposition. This picture, however, forgets to mention those members of Real Madrid who also suffered under Franco rule, like the club’s then president Rafael Sánchez Guerra – a prominent Republican – who was arrested, tortured and imprisoned, a fate shared by several other members of the Real Madrid club. Nevertheless, Barça became an important symbol of resistance with which many Catalans identified during their long struggle against the oppressive regime.The 1940s brought an upswing to the club’s luck, bringing home several Liga wins in 44-45, 47-48 and 48-49 as well as its first international success, the 1949 Copa Latina. Things got even better in June 1950, when Barça signed a player that would go down in history as one of their very best and most legendary: Ladislao Kubala. With the Hungarian powerhouse on their side, the team was unstoppable, winning every single competition they played between 1951 and 1953, including Liga wins in 51-52, 52-53 and five Copas: Liga, Copa, Copa Latina, Eva Duarte and Martini Rossi. They also won Ligas in 58-59, 59-60 and the Copa de Ferias in 57-58 and 59-60, making the 1950s one of their most glorious and celebrated decades.

The 1960s also kicked off to a good start when Barça beat Real Madrid in the European Cup game, thus bringing the latter's monopoly of the competition to a dramatic halt. The late 1950s had seen the inauguration of their new home; the Camp Nou was unveiled on September 24th 1957 with a game against Varsovia, which Barcelona won 4-2. The late 60's were marred by a decline in the club's athletic prowess, but marked an ever increasing national identification with the club, its colours and the belief that it was a way with which to defend the threatened Catalan national identity. The club's motto "más que un club" (more than a club) was born during this time.The 1970s would go down in club history for the arrival of yet another champion, Johan Cruyff (1973/74), who would become one of the most popular players amongst local fans for truly embracing his adopted city. He also garnered immediate goodwill in Catalonia for stating that he couldn’t play for Real Madrid, because it was linked to Franco. He was named European Footballer of the Year twice in a row. With Cruyff taking the club to new heights, membership rose to an impressive 69,566 - making Barça the strongest athletic organisation in the world. Not a bad way to celebrate one’s 75th birthday.In 1978, under the leadership of Josep Lluís Núñez - then president – the club reached 100,000 members and, in order to accommodate its newest supporters, expanded the Camp Nou to the same capacity. The club also added new installations, including the Miniestadi and the Palau Blaugrana.The 1980s saw the return of Cruyff, this time in the role of manager (1988). He brought star players to the club, putting together his so-called "Dream Team" (90-94), which won four consecutive Liga titles and collected a total of 11 trophies, including the UEFA Cup (91-92), making Cruyff the club’s most successful manager to date. He left in 1996 due to differences with the club’s president Núñez. The 80s also featured a short-lived appearance by the Argentinean football icon Diego Maradona (1982), and the 96-97 season was graced by Ronaldo, who helped bring home 3 important trophies, including the European Cup. The season also starred Vitor Baia, who is considered one of football’s all-time best goalies. In 1997, Barça was named the World’s Best Football Team of the Year by the IFFHS (International Federation of Football History and Statistics).1998 was another memorable year as the club snagged a double win – the Liga and the Copa del Rey – under Louis Van Gaal and a line-up that included Luís Figo, Luís Enrique and Rivaldo. In 1999, four Barça club teams were named champions of Spain. However, the year also brought a significant loss, as club captain Figo abandoned his blue-maroon uniform to don Real Madrid colours. President Núñez resigned in 2000 after helming the team for 22 years and overseeing the winning of 30 football trophies and 176 club trophies. The next three years were a difficult transition period, managers came and went and the club fell into a slump until a young and energetic new president – Joan Laporta – grabbed the reins and brought Barça back into the light.The football club’s current line-up represents nine countries – Spain, Brazil, Argentina, Netherlands, Cameroon, France, Sweden, Mexico and Portugal. It is made up of equal parts talent and experience, featuring international stars like Ronaldinho and Eto'o and home-grown talents like Carles Puyol and Xavi and Víctor Valdés. In 2005, the team won the Liga and the Supercopa de España. Ronaldinho was voted European Footballer of the Year. However, the team didn’t manage to bring down Chelsea during that season’s Champions League game. On May 3rd 2006 they were crowned champions of Spain after Valencia lost to Real Mallorca and Barça defeated Celta Vigo with a goal by Eto'o. On May 17th 2006 they returned to the UEFA pitch and this time they came home victorious, defeating Arsenal 2-1 with goals by Belletti and Eto'o. The player from Cameroon is Barça’s top scorer with 26 goals, followed by Guily with 11 and Ronaldinho with 10. Barça is the only European football team to have played in European competitions uninterruptedly since 1955. The club’s membership currently numbers 105,706 and has a total of 1,508 fan clubs around the world.

History of Barcelona


Barcelona has emerged from a spotty history. With Castilian kings pumping cannonballs over the city walls and anarchists disagreeing on which shoulder to hang their rifles, the city shrank in the shadow of greater cities and powers for centuries. Though founded around 230 BC, likely by the Carthaginians, and invaded by the Visigoths and then the Muslims, the history of the city, in a sense, only truly began after armies from what is now France pushed back the Muslims in 801 AD. At the time, the plains and mountains to the northwest and north of Barcelona were populated by the people who by then could be identified as 'Catalans' (although surviving documentary references to the term only date to the 10th century). Catalan's closest linguistic relative today is the langue d'oc, the old language of southern France.

In the 12th century, Catalunya grew rich on pickings from the fall of the Muslim caliphate of Córdoba. The Catalans managed to keep their creative forces alight through to the 14th century, when Barcelona ruled a mini-empire including Sicily, Malta, Sardinia, Valencia, the Balearics, the French regions of Rousillon and Cerdagne and parts of Greece. But by the 15th century, devastated by the plague, spectacular bank crashes, and the Genoese squeezing their markets, the empire ran out of steam. While the Catalans may have hoped that union with the kingdom of Castile would pump cash back into the coffers and vitality onto the streets, heirs to the crowns of Castile and Aragón were more interested in juicing Catalunya to finance their own imperial ambitions. A 1462 rebellion against King Joan II ended in a siege in 1473 that devastated the city. Barcelona was more or less annexed into the Castilian state, but was excluded from the plundering of the Americas that brought fantastic riches to 16th-century Castile. By now, the peasants had started to revolt. Disaffected Catalans resorted to arms a number of times, and the last revolt, during the War of the Spanish Succession, saw Catalunya siding with Britain and Austria against Felipe V, the French contender for the Spanish throne. That was their undoing. Barcelona fell in 1714 after another shocking siege, and as well as banning the Catalan language, Felipe built a huge fort, the Ciutadella, to watch over his ungrateful subjects in town. After 1778 Catalunya was permitted to trade with America, and the region's fortunes gradually turned around. Spain's first industrial revolution, based on cotton, was launched there, and other industries based on wine, cork and iron also developed. By the 1830s, the European Romantic movement virtually rescued Catalan culture and language just as it was in danger of disappearing. The Catalan Renaixença, or Renaissance, was a crusade led by poets and writers to popularise the people's language. A fervent nationalist movement sprang up around the same time, and was embraced by all parties of the political spectrum.

The decades around the turn of the century were a fast ride, with anarchists, Republicans, bourgeois regionalists, gangsters, police terrorists, political gunmen called pistoleros and centrists in Madrid all clamouring for a slice of the action. This followed an explosion in Barcelona's population - from around 115,000 in 1800 to more than half a million by 1900, then over a million by 1930 - as workers flocked in for industrial jobs. As many as 80% of the city's workers embraced the anarchist CNT by the end of WWI, and industrial relations hit an all-time low during a wave of strikes in 1919-20 when employers hired assassins to kill union leaders. Within days of Spain's Second Republic forming in 1931, Catalan nationalists declared a republic within an 'Iberian Federation'. Catalunya briefly gained genuine autonomy after the leftist Popular Front won the February 1936 Spanish general election, and for nearly a year revolutionary anarchists and the POUM (the Workers Marxist Unification Party) ran the town. Get 10 anarchists in a room, though, and you'll have 11 political opinions; in May 1937 infighting between communists, anarchists and the POUM broke out into street fighting for three days, killing at least 1500 people.

The Republican effort across Spain was troubled by similar infighting, which destroyed any chance they may have had of defeating Franco's fascist militia. Barcelona, the last stronghold of the Republicans, fell to Franco's forces in January 1939, and the war ended a few months later. Rather than submitting to Franco, thousands of Catalans fled across the border to France, Andorra and farther afield. Franco wasted no time in banning Catalan and flooding the region with impoverished immigrants from Andalucía in the vain hope that the pesky Catalans, with their continual movements for independence, would be swamped. But the plan soured somewhat when the migrants' children and grandchildren turned out to be more Catalan than the Catalans. Franco even banned one of the Catalans' joyful expressions of national unity, the sardana, a public circle dance. But they'd barely turned the last sods on El Supremo's grave when Catalunya burst out again in an effort to recreate itself as a nation. Catalan was revived with a vengeance, the Generalitat, or local parliament, was reinstated, and today, people gather all over town several times a week to dance the sardana. While there's still talk of independence, it remains just that - talk. Barcelona is its country's most happening town, and seems set to stay that way.